Franz Nachtegall

Franz Nachtegall

Victorius Franciscus „Franz“ Nachtegall (vollständig: Vivat Victorius Fridericus Franciscus Nachtegall; * 3. Oktober 1777 in Kopenhagen; † 12. Mai 1847 in Kopenhagen) war ein dänischer Professor für Gymnastik. Nachtegall gründete den ersten Turnverein und betrieb die Einführung des Schulturnens in Dänemark.

Leben

Nachtegall studierte Theologie, musste wegen des Todes seines Vaters sein Studium ohne Examen abbrechen. Hatte bei dem französischen Fechtmeister Ebbs Unterricht bekommen. Nachdem er Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths Gymnastik für die Jugend (1793) gelesen hatte, führte er die Gymnastik nach GutsMuths in Dänemark ein, wobei er von König Friedrich VII. unterstützt wurde. Dieser ernannte ihn zum Professor für Gymnastik an der Universität Kopenhagen (1804). Nachtegall gründete 1798 in Kopenhagen den ersten Turnverein der Welt, eine Gymnastische Gesellschaft. 1799 folgte seine Privatturnschule (Christianis Institut), 1804 das Militärgymnastische Institut, 1808 bis 1816 eine Zivilabteilung. 1814 war Dänemark das erste Land der Welt, in dem an staatlichen Schulen Schulturnen für Jungen eingeführt wurde (ab 1838 durch Nachtegall auch für Mädchen). Bis 1828 hatte es sich in den Schulen durchgesetzt. 1839 wurde von Nachtegal eine staatliche Normalschule zur Ausbildung von Gymnastiklehrern gegründet, in denen nach seinen Lehrbüchern unterrichtet wurde.

Literatur

  • V. K. Rao: Teaching of Physical Education. APH Publishing, New Delhi 2008, ISBN 978-81-313-0061-9. (englisch)
  • Leonard: Physical Education in Denmark. Verfügbar auf archive.org.
  • Franz Nachtegall: Gymnastikkens fremgang i Danmark fra dens første indsrelse i aaret 1799 indtil udgangen af aaret 1830. Thiele, Kjøbenhavn 1831.
  • Else Trangbæk: Danmark. In: James Riordan, Arnd Krüger (Hrsg.): European cultures of sport: Examining the nations and regions. Intellect, Bristol 2003, ISBN 1-84150-014-3, S. 47–66.

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Franz Nachtegall, Director of Gymnastics at the Civil Gymnastic Institute of Denmark

Identifier: pioneersofmodern10leon (find matches)
Title: Pioneers of modern physical training
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: Leonard, Fred Eugene, 1866-1922
Subjects: Physical education and training
Publisher: (New York) Physical Directors' Society of the Young Men's Christian Association of North America
Contributing Library: Mugar Memorial Library, Boston University
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

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or morethan fifty years, from July of 178G until a short time beforehis death. The exercises were commonly practiced in anopen space under the oaks which shaded a neighboring hill.Many visitors went away to spread the news of methodsfollowed here; but even more influential was the long seriesof books published by GutsMuths, some of which deservedlyrank as classics. They include Gymnastics for the Young(1793), a remarkable book on Games (1796), manuals ofSwimming (1798) and Mechanical Avocations (1801), aBook of Gymnastics for the Sons of the Fatherland (1817),and a Catechism of Gymnastics (1818). The earliestwork, our first modern manual of gymnastics, was trans-lated, in whole or part, into Danish (1799), English (Lon-don, 1800, and Philadelphia, 1802—wrongly attributed toSalzmann on the title page!), French (1803), Dutch(1806), and Swedish (1813). *Consult the American Physical Ediication Review for March, 1899 (Vol. IV.»pp. 1-18) and June, 1904 (Vol. IX., pp. 89-96 and 104-107).
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Franz Nachtegall. II. Franz Nachtegall.* Denmark was the first European state to introduce physi-cal training into its schools as an essential part of the courseand to prepare teachers of that subject by offering sys-tematic instruction in theory and method of gymnastics.The leader in this movement, and its director for fortyyears, was Franz Nachtegall (1777—184:7), whose wholelife was passed in Copenhagen. As a student in the uni-versity there he had applied himself to fencing and vaulting,and after his fathers death undertook to support himself bygiving instruction in gymnastics, at first in a private school.In 1799 he organized a gymnastic club composed of stu-dents and young merchants, and on November 5 of thesame year opened a private gymnasium, the first institutionin modern times devoted exclusively to physical training.The venture was successful from the start. When five yearslater the government established a Military Institute fortraining non-commissioned officers to teach

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