Surface projections of the organs of the trunk

Autor/Urheber:

Mikael Häggström

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https://www.dewiki.de/b/54fcb

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Wikimedia Commons

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Beschreibung:

Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, using the vertebral column and rib cage as main reference points of superficial anatomy. The transpyloric plane and McBurney's point are among the marked locations.

To discuss image, please see Talk:Human body diagrams

Lizenz:

Public domain

Credit:

All included images are in public domain. See Template:Human body diagrams for individual details.

References

Spinal vertebrae levels:

• Located at middle of frontal face of spinal vertebrae according to reference the image :File:Gray 111 - Vertebral column.png when pasted into image to superiorly fit the surface bulges of the clavicular bones and inferiorly fit the surface bulges of the anterior iliac spine.

Gross overview of organ locations:

• Plate 260B - Regions and Planes of Adbomen. From: The Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy Version 3.0 (CD-ROM). Authors: Frank H. Netter and Carlos A. G. Machado. Published by Saunders, October 1, 2002. ISBN-10: 1929007140. ISBN-13: 978-1929007141.
• Fig 139 from The SPENCER SYSTEM. SEVENTEENTH EDITION
• Plate 1034 from Gray's Anatomy

Locations of specific organs:
The following vertebral levels are generally given by the middle of the vertebral body.

• Bålens ytanatomy (Superficial anatomy of the trunk). Anca Dragomir, Mats Hjortberg and Godfried M. Romans. Section for human anatomy at the Department of medical cell biology, Uppsala university, Sweden.

Key points from that compendium:

• The oblique fissure of the right lung goes from the intercostal space 4 to 6
• The horizontal fissure goes along the 4th rib (the original image from Gray has this line almost at the 5th rib, but this is not labeled in image, as other lung images seem to support the upper level)
• The cardia of the stomach is at the level of the 10th rib
• The fundus of the stomach is in the 5th intercostal space, slightly below the apex of the heart
• Pylorus is usually at the L1 (the transpyloric plane)
• The transpyloric plane is at the level of:
  • lumbar vertebra 1
  • the pancreatic body
  • the origins of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta and portal vein
  • the left and right colic flexure
  • hilum of the kidney on the left
  • upper pole of the kidney on the right
  • duodenojejunal flexure
• McBurney's point is located one third of a line from the anterior superior iliac spine and the navel
• The upper rim of the liver is in the 5th intercostal space
• The left lobe of the liver is to the left of the midline
• The lower limit of the liver at the midline is approximately 3 cm below processus xiphoideus
• The spleen is projected against the 9th and 10th rib on the backside
• The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, and the right one slightly lower.

• Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Appendix: Topography of the Thorax and Abdomen. Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S. [1]:

• The average position of the highest point of the spleen is at the level of the lower third of the tenth thoracic vertebra.
• The average position of the lowest point of the spleen is at the level of the middle third of the first lumbar vertebra.

Position of the navel

• Usually between the L3 and L5 vertebral level - Basic Human Anatomy - O'Rahilly, Müller, Carpenter & Swenson - Chapter 25: Abdominal walls. Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved November 2010

Urinary tract:

• File:Urinary tract en.png

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